Larger open spaces, caused for example by timber harvesting and storms, are particularly critical areas for the development of floods. Avoiding large open areas – e.g. by promoting shelter before timber harvesting – and closing the resulting open areas as quickly as possible can noticeably reduce runoff from flood-sensitive catchment areas.
Relevant building openings can be protected against the entry of water by sandbags, boards or sandbag replacement systems, or secured additionally by lids and flaps. The measure requires some time to be operational – which is not available everywhere when heavy rainfall occurs. Additionally it requires training.
Through the vegetation of the soil substrate on the roofs water is retained and can evaporate. Two system of green roofing can be distinguished based on the level of maintenance: extensive green roof to an intensive green roof.
This measure resides in maintaining good forest health conditions through appropriate management (e.g. development of stable, stepped, unequal-aged forests, uniform shelter-wood systems and partial systems, coppice forests). The aim is to increase the soil infiltration, slowing surface runoff and reduce the risk of soil erosion by improving the forest health conditions. The management in forests…
Pluvial flooding should be considered in areas at risk. Damages in facilities can be reduced significantly, e.g. due to placement of electric installations, as well as damages originating from facilities, e.g. storage of dangerous goods and material. Periodical coordination with civil protection helps to avoid environmental damages. Plans should accommodate the likely changes in precipitation…
Furrows are shallow and wide ditches on arable land with mild slopes and a small longitudinal gradient. They allow interception, infiltration and alternatively drainage of surface runoff. They should be dimensioned properly for meeting functional requirements and require maintenance.
