Establishing and operating monitoring systems and forecast models

Continuous and long-term observation of natural phenomena increases the possibility of predicting them, estimating dangerous phenomena, and planning effective counteraction. Monitoring, forecasting and warning models and systems are usually established and operated by national institutions. They assure constant data collection, provision and quality control, as well as further development according to the state of the research. However, local or regional observation and monitoring may qualify such information or add additional information for decision making under time pressure in case of heavy rainfall events.